The Max. Runway Landing Weight (MRLW) is determined by which factors?

• A. Structural limitations, field length, and OEI go-around performance
• B. Engine type, weather conditions, and maintenance status
• C. Passenger load, cargo weight, and fuel type
• D. Takeoff weight, runway slope, and wind speed

Answer: (A)

Max landing weight on a specific runway is limited by three practical constraints that govern safe operation during the landing phase. First, structural limitations of the aircraft at landing—loads on the wings, fuselage, gear, and tires during touchdown and braking—set a hard upper bound because excessive loads can cause damage or failure. Second, the length of the runway available to decelerate and stop the aircraft determines how heavy you can land and still achieve a full, controllable stop within the runway boundaries; longer runways allow higher weights, shorter runways require lighter weights. Third, the ability to perform a one-engine-inoperative go-around (OEI go-around) must be maintained at that weight; if the aircraft cannot safely climb and clear obstacles with one engine inoperative, the landing weight must be reduced accordingly. Together, these factors define the maximum allowable landing weight for a given runway and configuration.

The other options miss one or more of these essential constraints. Engine type, weather, and maintenance status influence performance and reliability but don’t directly set the landing-weight limit in the same way structural limits, available runway length, and OEI go-around capability do. Passenger load, cargo weight, and fuel type relate to payload and range more than to the specific safety limit for landing weight. Takeoff weight, runway slope, and wind affect takeoff performance and landing performance but don’t alone determine the maximum landing weight the runway can safely accommodate in the landing configuration.