A missed approach must be initiated under which of the following conditions?

• A. A stabilized approach cannot be established
• B. On final approach, equipment failure changes minimums
• C. Either pilot has full deflection
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

A missed approach is started whenever continuing the approach to land would be unsafe or no longer within the procedure’s criteria. Each of the listed situations meets that standard.

If a stabilized approach cannot be established, you don’t want to descend and land from an unstable path. Maintaining a stable profile—appropriate speed, descent rate, configuration, and flight path—by a defined point is essential for a safe landing, so a go-around is required.

If equipment failure on final changes the minimums, you may no longer be able to meet the published criteria for a safe landing. When the failure means you can’t meet the revised minimums, you either go around or must not continue with the approach.

If either pilot has full deflection of the flight controls, control authority is effectively compromised and you cannot safely continue toward landing, so a missed approach is necessary.

Since all of these scenarios warrant not continuing the approach, the correct choice is that all of the above.